Arrangement of Submarine Cables and Pipelines as Part of Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia
Keywords:
Submarine Pipelines, Submarine Cables, Spatial Marine Planning, Global Maritime Fulcrum
Abstract
As a country with many islands, Indonesia is also surrounded by an ocean that is two-thirds wider than the territory of its own country. So Indonesia must be able to manage and organize the sea regularly to be used for the welfare of the people. Marine spatial planning is not only done to organize what is above the sea but also to organize what is under the sea. One of the activities used under the sea is laying submarine cables and pipelines used for various sectors. There are many irregularities in laying submarine cables and pipelines in the Indonesian sea conditions. It can lead to fatal accidents at sea and damage the facilities needed by the community, so a comprehensive and integrated arrangement is required. In addition to preventing maritime accidents, marine spatial planning can also serve as a reference and guide for all parties using the ocean to prevent conflicts between users. Marine spatial planning is also the primary foundation to support and realize Indonesia's ideals as the Global Maritime Fulcrum. This study examines several existing regulations related to the arrangement of submarine pipelines/cables in Indonesia. It finds several problems where some aspects have not been regulated in the regulation. This research provides recommendations on these problems by looking at the needs of stakeholders for the implementation of an orderly Indonesian marine layout.
References
Legal Documents
The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning.
Law Noor 4 of 2011 on Geospatial Information
Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Coastal Areas and Small Islands management.
Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Marine Affairs.
Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning the Job Creation Act.
Government Regulation Number 32 of 2019 concerning Marine Spatial Planning.
Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021 concerning Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing.
Government Regulation Number 21 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Spatial Planning.
Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Marine and Fisheries Sector.
Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2017 concerning Indonesian Marine Policy.
Presidential Regulation Number 18 of 2020 concerning the 2020-2024 National Mid-Term Development Plan.
Books
Diposaptono, Subandono. Membangun Poros Maritim Dunia dalam Perspektif Tata Ruang Laut (Build the Global Maritime Fulcrum in Marine Spatial Perspective), Jakarta: Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Directorate General of Marine Spatial Management, 2017,
Ehler, Charles N.. Coral Triangle Initiative: An Introduction to Marine Spatial Planning, Jakarta: USAID/CTSI, 2013.
Ehler, Charles N. and Fanny Douvere. Visions for a Sea Change. Report of the First International Workshop on Marine Spatial Planning, Paris: UNESCO. 2006.
-------. Marine Spatial Planning, A Step-by-step Approach toward Ecosystem-based Management. Paris: UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. 2009.
Hasni. Hukum Penataan Ruang dan Penatagunaan Tanah dalam Konteks UUPA, UUPR, UUPLH, (Law on Spatial Planning and Land Use in the Context of the UUPA, UUPR, UUPLH), Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013,
Jay, Stephen, W. Flannery, J. Vince et al. “International Progress in Marine Spatial Planning. In: in Ocean Yearbook 27, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013.
Limbong, Benhard. Poros Maritim (Maritime Fulcrum), Jakarta: Margaretha Pustaka, 2015.
Pati, Nova Vincentia. Perencanaan Tata Ruang Maritim (Marine Spatial Planning) di Indonesia dalam buku Mengamankan Laut: Tata Ruang dan Keamanan Maritim (Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia in the book Securing the Sea: Spatial Planning and Maritime Security), Yogyakarta: Aswaja Pressindo. 2017
Prijanto, Heru. Hukum Laut Internasional (International Law of the Sea), Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2007.
Sodik, Dikdik Mohamad. Hukum Laut Internasional dan Pengaturannya di Indonesia (International Law of the Sea and its Regulations in Indonesia), Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2011.
Wahid, Yunus. Pengantar Hukum Tata Ruang (Introduction to Spatial Law), Jakarta: Kencana, 2016
Journals
Anandar, Rivanlee and Bambang Shergi Laksmono, “Perubahan Kebijakan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil” (RZP3K) serta Dampaknya pada Kelompok Nelayan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu Selatan, Kepulauan Seribu (Policy Changes in the Zoning Plan for Coastal Zone and Small Islands (RZP3K) and Its Impact on Fisherman Groups on Pari Island, South Seribu Islands, Seribu Islands), Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020.
Gilbert, Alison J, Karen Alexander, Rafael Sardá, Raminta Brazinskaite, Christian Fischer, Kira Gee, Mark Jessopp, Peter Kershaw, Hans J. Los, David March Morla, Cathal O'Mahony, Mia Pihlajamäki, Siân Rees, and Riku Varjopuro. “Marine Spatial Planning and Good Environmental Status: A Perspective on Spatial and Temporal Dimensions,” Ecology and Society Vol. 20, No. 1, 2015.
Josse, Thibault, Martin Hadiwinata, Henrikus Prata, Zoe W. Brent & Mads Barbesgaard, “Perencanaan Tata Ruang Laut: Menyelesaikan atau Memperkuat Konflik di Atas dan di Ruang Laut?” (Sea Spatial Planning: Resolving or Strengthening Conflicts Over and in Ocean Space?) Indonesian Traditional Fishermen Association (KNTI), 2019.
Kasworo, Yerrico. “Urgensi Penyusunan Pengaturan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil” (The Urgency of Setting Up a Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands”, Rechtsvinding Article Online, 2017.
Kidd, Sue and Dave Shaw. “The Social and Political Realities Of Marine Spatial Planning: Some Land-Based Reflections,” ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 71, No. 7, 2014.
Lekipiouw, Sherlock H. “Model Penataan Ruang Laut Daerah Berdasarkan Integrated Coastal Management Sebagai Acuan Penyusunan Penataan Ruang Laut Pada Wilayah Kepulauan” (Regional Marine Spatial Planning Model Based on Integrated Coastal Management as a Reference for Marine Spatial Planning in Archipelagic Regions), Jurnal Sasi, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010.
Mujio, Luki Adrianto, Kadarwan Soewardi and Yusli Wardiatno. “Analisis Potensi Konflik Pemanfaatan Ruang Kawasan Pesisir: Integrasi Rencana Tata Ruang Darat dan Perairan Peisisir” (Analysis of Potential Conflicts in Coastal Spatial Utilization: Integration of Land and Coastal Water Spatial Plans). Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan. Vol. 4, No. 2, 2016.
Oktaryal, Agil. “Kertas Advokasi Kebijakan atas UU No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja Bidang Kelautan dan Perikanan” (Policy Advocacy Paper on Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation in the Marine and Fisheries Sector), Center for Indonesian Law & Policy Studies (PSHK), 2020.
Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. “Sejarah Hukum Maritim Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan Majapahit dalam Hukum Indonesia Kini” (The History of Maritime Law of the Sriwijaya and Majapahit Kingdoms in Indonesian Today’s Law), Jurnal Lembaran Sejarah, Vol. 13, No 2, 2017.
Prasetya, Muhammad Novan, “Membangun Kembali Budaya Martim Indonesia: Melalui Romantisme Negara” (Pemerintah) dan Civil Society (Rebuilding Indonesian Maritime Culture: Through the Romanticism of the State (Government) and Civil Society), Jurnal PIR, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017.
Priyanta, Maret. “Implikasi Konsep Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Kelautan Berkelanjutan” (Implications of the Concept of Suitability of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities in Sustainable Management of Marine Resources), Wawasan Yuridika, Vol. 5, No.1, 2021.
Smith, Hance D., Frank Maes, Tim A. Stojanovic, and Rhoda C. Ballinger. “The Integration of Land and Marine Spatial Planning,” Journal of Coastal Conservation, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2011.
Sujadmi and Bahjatul Murtasidin. “Perencanaan Tata Ruang Laut: Konflik, Negosiasi dan Kontestasi Kepentingan Ekonomi Politik Lokal di Bangka Belitung” (Sea Spatial Planning: Conflict, Negotiation and Contest of Local Political Economy Interests in Bangka Belitung), JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2020.
Sunyowati, Dina. “Penataan Ruang Laut Berdasarkan Integrated Coastal Management” (Sea Spatial Planning Based on Integrated Coastal Management). Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2008.
Supartono, Adnan Madjid, and Rosyidan Syah, “Pengamanan Sistem Komunikasi Kabel Laut pada Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia 1 dalam Rangka Keamanan Maritim” (Securing the Marine Cable Communication System in the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Line 1 in the Context of Maritime Security), Jurnal Prodi Keamanan Maritim, Vol. 4, No, 2, 2018.
Soedradjat, Iman. “Penyelarasan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) dan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW)” (Alignment of Zoning Plans for Coastal Zone and Small Islands (RZWP3K) and Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW)), Buletin Tata Ruang & Pertanahan, Vol. 1, 2013.
Yurista, Ananda Prima and Dian Agung Wicaksono, “Kompatibilitas Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) sebagai Rencana Tata Ruang yang Integratif” (Compatibility of Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) as an Integrative Spatial Plan), Jurnal Rechts Vinding, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017.
Websites and Other Materials
Administrators, Submarine Cable, Sejarah Panjang Penuh Liku (Submarine Cable, A Long History of Twists, https://www.listrikindonesia.com/submarine_cable_sejarah_panjang_Full_liku_132.htm accessed 14 May 2021.
Anonymous. Proposal for Establishment of a New ILA Committee on Submarines Cables and Pipelines Under International Law, https://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx?DbStorageId=11805&StorageFileGuid=d8210a23-a4f8-492e-a1b7-b0938b618a2f, accessed 13 May 2021.
CNN Indonesia. Luhut Soal Kabel Bawah Laut Semrawut: Jangan Pura-pura Bodoh (Luhut Regarding Chaotic Underwater Cables: Do not Play Stupid), https://www.cnnindonesia.com/economy/20210322111336-92-620391/luhut-kode-elektron- Bawah-laut-semrawut-jangan-pura-pura-dumb, accessed 8 June 2021.
Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment. Kemenko Marves Siapkan Rencana Integrasi Tata Ruang Laut dan Darat pada Tahun 2021. Siaran Pers No.SP-13/HUM/ROKOM/SET.MARVES/I/2021 (The Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Prepares a Plan for Sea and Land Spatial Integration in 2021. Press Release No. SP-13/HUM/ROKOM/SET.MARVES/I/2021), https://maritim.go.id/kemenko-marves-prepare-plan-integration-tata-ruang-laut/ accessed 13 January 2021.
Directorate of Marine Spatial Planning. Perda RZWP-3-K bertambah lagi, kali ini Provinsi Aceh (The regional regulation on RZWP-3-K has been added again for Aceh Province) https://kkp.go.id/djprl/prl/article/21699-perda-rzwp-3-k-berikut-again-kali-ini-provinsi-aceh accessed 3 April 2021.
Public Relations of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. RZWP-3-K Kepastian Hukum bagi Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil (RZWP-3-K Legal Certainty for Coastal and Small Islands)", https://setkab.go.id/rzwp-3-k-kepastian- Hukum-bagi-pesisir-dan-island-is-small/ accessed 4 March 2021.
Indonesian Ocean Justice Initiative, Analisis UU Cipta Kerja Sektor Kelautan dan Perikanan (Analysis of the Law on the Creation of Marine and Fisheries Sector), https://oceanjusticeinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IOJI-Analisis-UU-Cipta-Kerja-Sector-Kelautan-dan-Perikanan.pdf, accessed 13 May 2021.
Iskandar. Triasmitra temukan penyebab putusnya kabel laut di Perairan Indonesia (Triasmitra found the cause of the break in the submarine cables in Indonesian waters), https://www.liputan6.com/tekno/read/3585482/triasmitra-tekan-penyebab-breaking- Kabel-laut-di-perairan-indonesia accessed 17 May 2021.
Material exposure Danpushidrosal Vice Admiral TNI Dr Agung Prasetiawan, MAP regarding the Socialization of KP Ministerial Decree No. 14 of 2021 concerning Underwater Pipelines and Cables Regarding the Waypoint Segment on Submarine Cable and Pipelines in Disseminating the Policy on Underwater Cable and/or Pipeline KP Ministerial Decree No. 14 of 2021 accessed through the Ministry's Youtube Channel Marine and Fisheries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH7TEfkoq38&t=3180s on 9 June 2021.
Ministry of Investment/BKPM. UU Cipta Kerja: Dorong Investasi, Ciptakan Lapangan Kerja (Job Creation Law: Encouraging Investment, Creating Job Opportunities), https://www.bkpm.go.id/id/publikasi/detail/berita/uu-cipta-karya-tangan-investasi-ciptakan-field-kerja, accessed 14 March 2021.
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. KKP Jamin Penataan Alur Pipa dan Kabel Bawah Laut Lebih Baik. Siaran Pers Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor: SP.251/SJ.5/III/2021 (KKP Guarantees Better Arrangement of Subsea Pipelines and Cables. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Press Release Number: SP.251/SJ.5/III/2021), https://kkp.go.id/article/27986-kkp-jamin-penataan-alur-pipa-dan- Kabel- Bawah-Laut-baik-baik, accessed 3 June 2021.
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. KKP Luncurkan Sistem Informasi Dukung Penataan Alur Pipa dan Kabel bawah Laut. Siaran Pers Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor: SP.310/SJ.5/III/2021 (KKP Launches an Information System to Support the Arrangement of Subsea Pipelines and Cables. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Press Release Number: SP.310/SJ.5/III/2021), https://kkp.go.id/article/28440-kkp-laukan-system-information-support-penataan-alur-pipa-dan-kabel- Bawah-laut, accessed 8 June 2021.
Witular, Rendi A., “Presenting Maritime Doctrine”, https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/11/14/presenting-maritime-doctrine.html, accessed 1 March 2021.
The Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.
Law Number 17 of 1985 concerning Ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
Law Number 26 of 2007 concerning Spatial Planning.
Law Noor 4 of 2011 on Geospatial Information
Law Number 1 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 27 of 2007 concerning Coastal Areas and Small Islands management.
Law Number 32 of 2014 concerning Marine Affairs.
Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning the Job Creation Act.
Government Regulation Number 32 of 2019 concerning Marine Spatial Planning.
Government Regulation Number 5 of 2021 concerning Implementation of Risk-Based Business Licensing.
Government Regulation Number 21 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Spatial Planning.
Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of the Marine and Fisheries Sector.
Presidential Regulation Number 16 of 2017 concerning Indonesian Marine Policy.
Presidential Regulation Number 18 of 2020 concerning the 2020-2024 National Mid-Term Development Plan.
Books
Diposaptono, Subandono. Membangun Poros Maritim Dunia dalam Perspektif Tata Ruang Laut (Build the Global Maritime Fulcrum in Marine Spatial Perspective), Jakarta: Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Directorate General of Marine Spatial Management, 2017,
Ehler, Charles N.. Coral Triangle Initiative: An Introduction to Marine Spatial Planning, Jakarta: USAID/CTSI, 2013.
Ehler, Charles N. and Fanny Douvere. Visions for a Sea Change. Report of the First International Workshop on Marine Spatial Planning, Paris: UNESCO. 2006.
-------. Marine Spatial Planning, A Step-by-step Approach toward Ecosystem-based Management. Paris: UNESCO Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. 2009.
Hasni. Hukum Penataan Ruang dan Penatagunaan Tanah dalam Konteks UUPA, UUPR, UUPLH, (Law on Spatial Planning and Land Use in the Context of the UUPA, UUPR, UUPLH), Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2013,
Jay, Stephen, W. Flannery, J. Vince et al. “International Progress in Marine Spatial Planning. In: in Ocean Yearbook 27, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013.
Limbong, Benhard. Poros Maritim (Maritime Fulcrum), Jakarta: Margaretha Pustaka, 2015.
Pati, Nova Vincentia. Perencanaan Tata Ruang Maritim (Marine Spatial Planning) di Indonesia dalam buku Mengamankan Laut: Tata Ruang dan Keamanan Maritim (Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia in the book Securing the Sea: Spatial Planning and Maritime Security), Yogyakarta: Aswaja Pressindo. 2017
Prijanto, Heru. Hukum Laut Internasional (International Law of the Sea), Malang: Bayumedia Publishing, 2007.
Sodik, Dikdik Mohamad. Hukum Laut Internasional dan Pengaturannya di Indonesia (International Law of the Sea and its Regulations in Indonesia), Bandung: Refika Aditama, 2011.
Wahid, Yunus. Pengantar Hukum Tata Ruang (Introduction to Spatial Law), Jakarta: Kencana, 2016
Journals
Anandar, Rivanlee and Bambang Shergi Laksmono, “Perubahan Kebijakan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil” (RZP3K) serta Dampaknya pada Kelompok Nelayan Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu Selatan, Kepulauan Seribu (Policy Changes in the Zoning Plan for Coastal Zone and Small Islands (RZP3K) and Its Impact on Fisherman Groups on Pari Island, South Seribu Islands, Seribu Islands), Jurnal Pembangunan Manusia, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2020.
Gilbert, Alison J, Karen Alexander, Rafael Sardá, Raminta Brazinskaite, Christian Fischer, Kira Gee, Mark Jessopp, Peter Kershaw, Hans J. Los, David March Morla, Cathal O'Mahony, Mia Pihlajamäki, Siân Rees, and Riku Varjopuro. “Marine Spatial Planning and Good Environmental Status: A Perspective on Spatial and Temporal Dimensions,” Ecology and Society Vol. 20, No. 1, 2015.
Josse, Thibault, Martin Hadiwinata, Henrikus Prata, Zoe W. Brent & Mads Barbesgaard, “Perencanaan Tata Ruang Laut: Menyelesaikan atau Memperkuat Konflik di Atas dan di Ruang Laut?” (Sea Spatial Planning: Resolving or Strengthening Conflicts Over and in Ocean Space?) Indonesian Traditional Fishermen Association (KNTI), 2019.
Kasworo, Yerrico. “Urgensi Penyusunan Pengaturan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil” (The Urgency of Setting Up a Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands”, Rechtsvinding Article Online, 2017.
Kidd, Sue and Dave Shaw. “The Social and Political Realities Of Marine Spatial Planning: Some Land-Based Reflections,” ICES Journal of Marine Science, Vol. 71, No. 7, 2014.
Lekipiouw, Sherlock H. “Model Penataan Ruang Laut Daerah Berdasarkan Integrated Coastal Management Sebagai Acuan Penyusunan Penataan Ruang Laut Pada Wilayah Kepulauan” (Regional Marine Spatial Planning Model Based on Integrated Coastal Management as a Reference for Marine Spatial Planning in Archipelagic Regions), Jurnal Sasi, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2010.
Mujio, Luki Adrianto, Kadarwan Soewardi and Yusli Wardiatno. “Analisis Potensi Konflik Pemanfaatan Ruang Kawasan Pesisir: Integrasi Rencana Tata Ruang Darat dan Perairan Peisisir” (Analysis of Potential Conflicts in Coastal Spatial Utilization: Integration of Land and Coastal Water Spatial Plans). Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan. Vol. 4, No. 2, 2016.
Oktaryal, Agil. “Kertas Advokasi Kebijakan atas UU No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja Bidang Kelautan dan Perikanan” (Policy Advocacy Paper on Law no. 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation in the Marine and Fisheries Sector), Center for Indonesian Law & Policy Studies (PSHK), 2020.
Pradhani, Sartika Intaning. “Sejarah Hukum Maritim Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan Majapahit dalam Hukum Indonesia Kini” (The History of Maritime Law of the Sriwijaya and Majapahit Kingdoms in Indonesian Today’s Law), Jurnal Lembaran Sejarah, Vol. 13, No 2, 2017.
Prasetya, Muhammad Novan, “Membangun Kembali Budaya Martim Indonesia: Melalui Romantisme Negara” (Pemerintah) dan Civil Society (Rebuilding Indonesian Maritime Culture: Through the Romanticism of the State (Government) and Civil Society), Jurnal PIR, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2017.
Priyanta, Maret. “Implikasi Konsep Kesesuaian Kegiatan Pemanfaatan Ruang Laut dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Kelautan Berkelanjutan” (Implications of the Concept of Suitability of Marine Spatial Utilization Activities in Sustainable Management of Marine Resources), Wawasan Yuridika, Vol. 5, No.1, 2021.
Smith, Hance D., Frank Maes, Tim A. Stojanovic, and Rhoda C. Ballinger. “The Integration of Land and Marine Spatial Planning,” Journal of Coastal Conservation, Vol. 15, No. 2, 2011.
Sujadmi and Bahjatul Murtasidin. “Perencanaan Tata Ruang Laut: Konflik, Negosiasi dan Kontestasi Kepentingan Ekonomi Politik Lokal di Bangka Belitung” (Sea Spatial Planning: Conflict, Negotiation and Contest of Local Political Economy Interests in Bangka Belitung), JIIP: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pemerintahan, Vol. 5, No. 2, 2020.
Sunyowati, Dina. “Penataan Ruang Laut Berdasarkan Integrated Coastal Management” (Sea Spatial Planning Based on Integrated Coastal Management). Jurnal Mimbar Hukum, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2008.
Supartono, Adnan Madjid, and Rosyidan Syah, “Pengamanan Sistem Komunikasi Kabel Laut pada Alur Laut Kepulauan Indonesia 1 dalam Rangka Keamanan Maritim” (Securing the Marine Cable Communication System in the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Line 1 in the Context of Maritime Security), Jurnal Prodi Keamanan Maritim, Vol. 4, No, 2, 2018.
Soedradjat, Iman. “Penyelarasan Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) dan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW)” (Alignment of Zoning Plans for Coastal Zone and Small Islands (RZWP3K) and Regional Spatial Planning (RTRW)), Buletin Tata Ruang & Pertanahan, Vol. 1, 2013.
Yurista, Ananda Prima and Dian Agung Wicaksono, “Kompatibilitas Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) sebagai Rencana Tata Ruang yang Integratif” (Compatibility of Zoning Plans for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K) as an Integrative Spatial Plan), Jurnal Rechts Vinding, Vol. 6, No. 2, 2017.
Websites and Other Materials
Administrators, Submarine Cable, Sejarah Panjang Penuh Liku (Submarine Cable, A Long History of Twists, https://www.listrikindonesia.com/submarine_cable_sejarah_panjang_Full_liku_132.htm accessed 14 May 2021.
Anonymous. Proposal for Establishment of a New ILA Committee on Submarines Cables and Pipelines Under International Law, https://ila.vettoreweb.com/Storage/Download.aspx?DbStorageId=11805&StorageFileGuid=d8210a23-a4f8-492e-a1b7-b0938b618a2f, accessed 13 May 2021.
CNN Indonesia. Luhut Soal Kabel Bawah Laut Semrawut: Jangan Pura-pura Bodoh (Luhut Regarding Chaotic Underwater Cables: Do not Play Stupid), https://www.cnnindonesia.com/economy/20210322111336-92-620391/luhut-kode-elektron- Bawah-laut-semrawut-jangan-pura-pura-dumb, accessed 8 June 2021.
Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Investment. Kemenko Marves Siapkan Rencana Integrasi Tata Ruang Laut dan Darat pada Tahun 2021. Siaran Pers No.SP-13/HUM/ROKOM/SET.MARVES/I/2021 (The Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Prepares a Plan for Sea and Land Spatial Integration in 2021. Press Release No. SP-13/HUM/ROKOM/SET.MARVES/I/2021), https://maritim.go.id/kemenko-marves-prepare-plan-integration-tata-ruang-laut/ accessed 13 January 2021.
Directorate of Marine Spatial Planning. Perda RZWP-3-K bertambah lagi, kali ini Provinsi Aceh (The regional regulation on RZWP-3-K has been added again for Aceh Province) https://kkp.go.id/djprl/prl/article/21699-perda-rzwp-3-k-berikut-again-kali-ini-provinsi-aceh accessed 3 April 2021.
Public Relations of the Cabinet Secretariat of the Republic of Indonesia. RZWP-3-K Kepastian Hukum bagi Pesisir dan Pulau-pulau Kecil (RZWP-3-K Legal Certainty for Coastal and Small Islands)", https://setkab.go.id/rzwp-3-k-kepastian- Hukum-bagi-pesisir-dan-island-is-small/ accessed 4 March 2021.
Indonesian Ocean Justice Initiative, Analisis UU Cipta Kerja Sektor Kelautan dan Perikanan (Analysis of the Law on the Creation of Marine and Fisheries Sector), https://oceanjusticeinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/IOJI-Analisis-UU-Cipta-Kerja-Sector-Kelautan-dan-Perikanan.pdf, accessed 13 May 2021.
Iskandar. Triasmitra temukan penyebab putusnya kabel laut di Perairan Indonesia (Triasmitra found the cause of the break in the submarine cables in Indonesian waters), https://www.liputan6.com/tekno/read/3585482/triasmitra-tekan-penyebab-breaking- Kabel-laut-di-perairan-indonesia accessed 17 May 2021.
Material exposure Danpushidrosal Vice Admiral TNI Dr Agung Prasetiawan, MAP regarding the Socialization of KP Ministerial Decree No. 14 of 2021 concerning Underwater Pipelines and Cables Regarding the Waypoint Segment on Submarine Cable and Pipelines in Disseminating the Policy on Underwater Cable and/or Pipeline KP Ministerial Decree No. 14 of 2021 accessed through the Ministry's Youtube Channel Marine and Fisheries https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH7TEfkoq38&t=3180s on 9 June 2021.
Ministry of Investment/BKPM. UU Cipta Kerja: Dorong Investasi, Ciptakan Lapangan Kerja (Job Creation Law: Encouraging Investment, Creating Job Opportunities), https://www.bkpm.go.id/id/publikasi/detail/berita/uu-cipta-karya-tangan-investasi-ciptakan-field-kerja, accessed 14 March 2021.
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. KKP Jamin Penataan Alur Pipa dan Kabel Bawah Laut Lebih Baik. Siaran Pers Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor: SP.251/SJ.5/III/2021 (KKP Guarantees Better Arrangement of Subsea Pipelines and Cables. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Press Release Number: SP.251/SJ.5/III/2021), https://kkp.go.id/article/27986-kkp-jamin-penataan-alur-pipa-dan- Kabel- Bawah-Laut-baik-baik, accessed 3 June 2021.
Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. KKP Luncurkan Sistem Informasi Dukung Penataan Alur Pipa dan Kabel bawah Laut. Siaran Pers Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor: SP.310/SJ.5/III/2021 (KKP Launches an Information System to Support the Arrangement of Subsea Pipelines and Cables. Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Press Release Number: SP.310/SJ.5/III/2021), https://kkp.go.id/article/28440-kkp-laukan-system-information-support-penataan-alur-pipa-dan-kabel- Bawah-laut, accessed 8 June 2021.
Witular, Rendi A., “Presenting Maritime Doctrine”, https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/11/14/presenting-maritime-doctrine.html, accessed 1 March 2021.
Published
2022-05-31
How to Cite
Iswara, R., & Afriansyah, A. (2022). Arrangement of Submarine Cables and Pipelines as Part of Marine Spatial Planning in Indonesia. Jambe Law Journal, 5(1), 1-38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22437/jlj.5.1.1-38
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